Phase-adjusting method and means for alternating-current apparatus.



No. $10,190. PATENTBD SEPT. 29, 1903.- 0. B. SHALLENBEEGER, DEGD.

M. W. SHALLENBEBGER, EXBOUTRIX.

PHASE ADJUSTING METHOD AND MEANS FOR ALTERNATING CURRENT APPARATUS. H0 MODEL. APPHUATION FILED JAN. 9, 1997.

WITNESSES: //v VENTOH.

A TTORNE).

m: uunaus PETERS ca. PHoTu-Lrma. wasnmm'cu. 0 c

UNITE STATES i atentedfseptember 29, 1903.

P TENT OFFICE.

OLIVER B. SHALLENBERGER, OF ROCHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA; MARY iv. SHALLENBERGER, EXEOUTRIX OF SAID OLIVER B. SHALLENBERGER, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELEQTBIO do MANUFACTUR- ING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

PHASE-ADJUSTING METHOD AND MEANS FORALTERNATING-CURRENT APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATIQN firming part of Letters Patent No. 740,190, dated September 29, 1903. Application filed January 9, 1897. Serial No. 618,538- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern/. i Be it known that I, OLIVEKB, SHALLEN: BERGER, a citizen of the United States, resid ing at Rochester, in the county of Beaver and 5 State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful ImprovementinPhase-Adjusting Methods and Means for Alternating-Current Apparatus, of which thefollowing is a speci-;

fication. v l My invention relates to apparatus for the utilization of alternating currents, and more particularly such apparatus as involves the use of alternating magnetic fields differing in phase. is It is particularly applicable to instruments for indicating, measuring, or recording alternating currents, and I will describe it principally with reference to such use, although I do not limit myself to any particular applizo cation of the novel features of my invention.

It is well known that an alternating current may be caused to lag behind the im-. pressed electromotive force which produces it by the introduction into the circuit of a coil possessing more orlcss self-induction.- The magnetic field in the neighborhood of a conductor carrying such a current lags to a corresponding degree; but the lag is limited under practical conditions to an amount somewhat less than a quarter period-that is,

ninety degrees-as commonly represented.

By the use of my invention it is possible to greatly augment the angular displacement of the magnetic field from the impressed electromotive force, so that by its use in connection with aself-induction coil, as above stated, or an equivalent device any desired phaseangle maybe obtained within wide limits. I employ it usually in connection with coils 4.0 possessing a high coefficient of self-induction where it is. desired to obtain a magnetic field as nearly as possible in quadrature with the impressed electromotive force or with another magnetic field having a definite phase 5 relation to the impressed electromotive force. I have described the use of this principle in connection with certain measuring instruments in patents granted me on January 1, 1895, and numbered 531,867, 531,868, 531,870,

hereinbeforementioned.

and it is therefore unnecessary to describe 5o specifically herein all the modifications and the detailed construction of such apparatus.

In Patent No. 531,867 I have described the use of an inductance-coil for producing in a shunt-circuit connected with a main circuit carrying a single -phase current a current which lags approximately ninety degrees in phase behind the impressed electromotive vforce; but it is diflicult in practice to produce this exact degree of lag by the use of an inductance-coil alone, and inPatent No. 548,231, granted to me October 22, 1895, I have described a method of and means for modifying or supplementing the action of the inductance-coil, so as to produce the exact degree of lag required. My present invention relates to a method of and means for producing this last-mentioned result differing from thosedescribed in my said Patent No. 548,231 and which have certain advan- 7o tages over them.

My invention may be more readily understood by reference to the-accompanyingdrawing, in which the organization ofthe apparatus is indicated diagrammatically.

The drawing is to be regarded as indicating 1n a general way the application of my invention to an electrical measuring instrument or any apparatus requiring the phase relations G represents a suitable source of alternating current conveyed by the conductors 1 2 to the work-circuit W. In series with the conductor 1 are connected two coils B and B which constitute field-coils of the apparatus. A single coil or more than. two may be used in place of thetwo coils rB' and B if desired. A is also'a field-coil connected in shunt-circuit to the'conductors 1 2 by means of the conductors 5 6, and there is included in series therewith the inductance-coil D, which is provided with a core 0?. The coil A may also be provided with a core, if desired. The construction of this inductance-coil is preferably that which has been fully (18- scribed in my previous patent already referred to; but by the use of my present invent-ion other and less efficient forms of inductance-coils may be employed with satisfactory results.

K is a disk of conducting material in in ductive relation with the field-coils and in which rotation is produced by the shifting field of the coils in a manner well understood. A resistance-coil of any convenient construction is connected at two points 3 and 4 of the field-coil A. These points may include more or less of the coil A and in certain cases the whole coil. The resistance B may be made adjustable, but in practice usually consists in the construction of the apparatus of a definite length of high-resistance wire. It may be disposed around the coil A, forming a single piece for convenience of'manufactnre, or it may be constructed in a separate piece. The resistance R forms a shunt to the parts of the coil A included between the connections 3 4, and this resistance also when taken in connection with the parts of the coil shunted by it constitutes aclosed secondary of whichthewholecoilAisprimary. Thisorganization produces by its action the same general result as is produced by the separate circuit described in my Patent No. 548,231, already referred to, by creating a resultant magnetic field and producing a greater phase displacement than that due to the action of the inductance-coil alone. The exact phase relation may be modified as desired by varying'the relation of the resistance R and the number of convolutions of the coil A included between the connections 3 4:. In practice the desired adjustment is efiected by selecting suitable points in the coil A for the connections 3 4, which points may include the whole coil, and then varying the length of the resistancewire until the proper adjustment is reached.

I have described my invention as applied to an electrical measuring instrument; but it will of course be understood that the invention is not limited to this use, but may be employed with any kind of apparatus requiring a definite phase relation.

The resistance-coil B may be made adjustable, as shown in the drawing, to. increase the accuracy of the apparatus when used with currents of widely-differing periodicity.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination with a field-coil, of an inductive resistance in series therewith, an auxiliary circuit composed of a part or the whole of said field-coil and of a shunt thereto, containing a non-inductive variable resistance, a second field-coil and an armature in inductive relation to said field-coils, substancurrent, of a field-coil traversed by said lagging current and a Variable non-inductive shunt to said field-coil for modifyingthe phaseangle of the field of said coil, so as to produce a resultant field practically in quadrature with the impressed electromotive force, substantially as described.

3. The combination with means for producing a lagging current, of a field-coil traversed by such lagging current, a Variable noninductive shunt to said field-coil for modifying the phase-angle of the field of said coil, so as to produce a resultant field practically in quadrature with the impressed electromotive force, a second field-coil and an armature in inductive relation to said field-coils, substantially as described.

4. The combination with means for producing a lagging current, of a field-coil traversed by suchlagging current, a variable noninductivev shunt to said field-coil for modifying the phase-angle of the field of said coil, so as to produce a resultant field practically in quadrature with the impressed electromotive force, a second coil the field of which combines with the field of the first-named coil so as to produce a resultant shifting field, and an armature in inductive relation to such shifting field, substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for utilizing a magnetic field delayed behind theimpressed electromotive force of the circuit from which it is energized, the combination with a means for producing a lagging current, of a magnetizing-coil arranged to be traversed by the lagging current when the apparatus is energized,

and a variable non-inductive shunt to more or less of the turns of the field-coil whereby the lag of the magnetic field is modified to obtain the desired phase relation.

6. The combination in an alternating-current circuit of a field-coil connected in series in said circuit a second field-coil in shunt upon said circuit, an inductive resistance in series with said second field-coil and a variable non-inductive resistance in shunt thereto.

ICC 

